Reference tables
The lookup tables you keep open in another tab — scales and chords, key signatures, MIDI numbers, frequencies and mixing ranges. Accurate, complete, and easy to scan.
Music theory
Scales, chords, keys and the vocabulary of notation — the tables you keep open while writing.
Scale & Mode FormulasWhole/half-step patterns and intervals for every scale and mode.Chord FormulasScale degrees and intervals for every chord type, triads to 13ths.Diatonic Chords & Roman NumeralsThe chords in a key and their harmonic function.Common Chord ProgressionsThe progressions behind most popular music, in Roman numerals.Interval ReferenceEvery interval in semitones, cents and just-intonation ratios.Key SignaturesThe sharps and flats of every major and minor key.
Notation & performance
How music is written down and played — durations, tempo, dynamics and what each instrument can actually do.
Note Values & DurationsWhole, half, quarter notes and how long each lasts.Tempo MarkingsLargo to Prestissimo, with approximate BPM ranges.Dynamics & Articulationpp to ff, plus crescendo, accent, staccato and legato.Instrument RangesLowest and highest note of common instruments.Standard String TuningsGuitar, bass, ukulele and orchestral string tunings.Tuning & TemperamentEqual, just and Pythagorean tuning compared in cents.
MIDI
The protocol tables — message types, controller numbers and the General MIDI sound sets.
MIDI Message ReferenceStatus and data bytes for Note On, CC, pitch bend and more.MIDI CC ListEvery Control Change number and its standard function.General MIDI InstrumentsAll 128 GM program numbers and their families.General MIDI Drum MapWhich MIDI note triggers each percussion sound.
Audio & production
Frequencies, levels, formats and the conversions that come up in every session.
Note / MIDI / Frequency ChartAll 128 notes with MIDI numbers and frequencies.EQ & Frequency Cheat SheetMixing bands and instrument frequency ranges.Decibel (dB / dBFS) ReferenceWhat dB changes mean, and digital level basics.BPM to Delay TimeTempo-synced delay and reverb times in milliseconds.Audio File FormatsWAV, FLAC, MP3, AAC, Opus — lossless vs lossy.Audio Plugin FormatsVST, VST3, AU, AAX, CLAP and LV2 compared.
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